Global Conference on Mathematics and Applications (GCMA)

This study investigates the application of Gr¨unwald–Letnikov frac-
tional calculus to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) modeling, focusing
on Senegal’s macroeconomic indicators. By allowing variable-specific
non-integer differentiation orders (αk), the model captures complex
memory effects and continuous time-series dynamics often missed by
integer-order approaches. Empirical estimates, rigorous residual di-
agnostics, and sensitivity analyses demonstrate the stability, fitting
accuracy, and statistical validity of the proposed Gr¨unwald–Letnikov
framework in the context of Senegal’s economy.